Every sentence is made up of a subject and a predicate (see Parts of Speech). The key word in the predicate is the verb. It tells what the subject is or does. Verbs are divided into two types: action verbs and linking verbs.
Action Verbs are verbs that tell what the subject does.
Sarah looks for her car in the parking lot.
Look is an action verb that tells what Sarah does. Here, the action is physical. Other action verbs tell what mental action the subject does. Sometimes it can be difficult to distinguish action verbs from mental action verbs. In general, if you do something physically or mentally, that action is expressed by a verb. Know, realize, wish, think, hope, understand are common verbs that tell about a mental action.
Chen knows where his car is parked. Knowing is a mental action the subject does.
Linking Verbs tell what the subject is or link the subject with a word or words that describe it.
When Juan became a father, he felt proud.
Felt is the past form of the verb 'feel', and feel is a linking verb that describes the subject, Juan. (Juan felt 'proud'.)
Note that there are more than one verb in the above sentence. Depending upon the tense, the verb may contain more than one word.
Jane has always played tennis. In this example, the verb is 'has played'. Always is not the part of the verb.
In addition to telling what something is or does, verbs also tell the time of action.
The time shown by a verb is called its tense.
There are three basic or simple tenses.
Present Tense: I play tennis on weekends.
Past Tense: I played tennis last weekend.
Future Tense: I will play tennis this weekend.
The simple future tense shows an action that will occur in the future.
I will go to the dentist tomorrow.
The simple future tense is formed by using will with the base form of the verb.
Singular Plural I will walk We will walk You will walk You will walk He, She, It will walk They will walk
As you have learned, there are three simple verb tenses; the past, present, and future tenses. In addition to these simple tenses, there are perfect verb tenses (see present perfect tense and present perfect continuous, and present perfect continuous). To understand the perfect tenses, you must understand the principal parts of the verb. These parts are used to form the perfect tenses
The three principal parts of the verbs are the base, past, and past participle.
The following table shows the three principal parts, or forms, of the verb want.
Principal Parts of Verbs |
||
| Base | Past | Past Participle |
| want | wanted | wanted |
In the following sentence, the second verb is used with the word 'to'.
July considers to study law.
The underlined words, to study, make up a verb called an infinitive. The infinitive always begins with the word to. The verb form following to is called the base form. The base form is what you begin with when you form all verb tenses.
The base form is used to form the simple present and simple future tenses. The past form is used to form the simple past tense. The past participle form is used to form the perfect tenses. which you will find on pages: present perfect tense and present perfect continuous.
Besides knowing how to make verb tenses agree, you also need to know how to make verbs and subject agree.
Simple Subjects:
The key to making subjects and verbs agree is to look at the simple subject. (Remember simple subject is the noun or pronoun that the sentence is about.) Then look at the verb. If the simple subject is singular, the verb must also be singular. A plural verb must be matched with a plural subject. How would you correct these sentences?
Mehmet leap up the stairs.
The birds flies to the north.
In the first sentence, the simple subject is Mehmet, a singular noun. Leap is the plural form of the verb, so use the singular verb leaps.
Mehmet leaps up the stairs.
In the second sentence, the simple subject is birds, a plural noun. To correct this sentence, change the singular verb flies to the plural verb fly.
To check whether you have correctly matched subjects and verbs in a sentence replace the subject noun in a sentence with a subject pronoun. The pronoun helps you see what is correct. Look at the pattern below:
I |
He | ||
| You | swim in the pool. | She | swims in the pool. |
| We | It | ||
| They |
Adding an s or es to a present tense verb makes it agree with the singular pronouns he, she, and it, as well as with all singular nouns that they replace.
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